Geoffrey Chaucer. The Canterbury Tales. The Wife Of Bath’s Tale

In Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales, The Wife of Bath’s Tale, although it has a more serious and moral tone than her prologue, is in many ways a continuation of her prologue, the story and the way in which it is told being dominated by her personality, attitudes, and beliefs. The most obvious connecting link is the common theme – the sovereignty of women in marriage. In her prologue The Wife describes how she has devoted much of her life to living up to her unshakeable decision:

An housbonde I wol have, I wol nat lette,
Which shal be bothe my dettour and my thral (154-5)

She uses her tale to extend this idea from being a personal preference, and a maxim to be followed by ‘every womman that is wys’ (524) to a universal truth. The knight of her tale is set the task of finding:

What thing is it that wommen moost desiren. (905)

When he gives his answer to a supreme court of women, headed by the queen, there is no disagreement at all:

Wommen desiren to have sovereinetee
As wel over hir housbond as hir love,
And for to been in maistrie him above. (1038-40)

In al the court ne was ther wyf, ne maide,
Ne widwe, that contraried that he saide, (1043-4)

The fact that the knight’s life is in the hands of the queen rather than the king is in itself a sign that the tale is a product of The Wife’s imagination. King Arthur has condemned the knight to death, according to the law of the land, and yet in response to the pleas of the queen and other women,

. . . yaf him to the queene, al at hir wille,
To chese wheither she wolde him save or spille (897-8)

Thus even The King of England is subject to his wife.

The Wife uses her tale as a vehicle for her own views, and often she leaves the tale altogether and resumes the self-centred theme and colloquial style of her prologue. She lists all the alternative answers the knight received to his question, the list including everything which, in her prologue, she has shown that she demands from a marriage as well as ‘sovereinetee’.

Somme seyde wommen loven best richesse,
Somme seyde honour, somme seyde jolinesse
Somme riche array, somme seyden lust abedde,
And oftetime to be widwe and wedde. (925-8)
. . .
And somme seyen that we loven best
For to be free, and do right as us lest, (935-6)

Her inclusion of herself with ‘we’, and the unusual inclusion of ‘oftetime to be widwe and wedde’ make it clear that this is The Wife’s own interpolation, beyond the requirements of the tale.

The Wife digresses from her tale after the first half dozen or so lines to air her views on another subject close to her heart, ‘limitours and othere hooly freres’ (866). Her grievances against the church are many. The church’s solemn repressive attitude towards sex, and most other forms of enjoyment, conflict strongly with her robust hedonism. In the prologue she exclaims

Allas, allas, that evere love was sinne! (614)

The church was also responsible for the dissemination of anti-feminist literature and attitudes, and here The Wife, an arch-feminist, is in direct conflict.

For trusteth wel, it is an impossible
That any clerk wol speke good of wives, (688-9)

If we turn to the character of the Loathly Lady of The Wife’s tale, we find some differences between her and The Wife, and some similarities. The main characteristic they have in common is the wish to dominate their husbands. There is also a marked similarity in their tactics for achieving this goal. Both make their husbands suffer, and both use the persuasive techniques of argument. Both also draw upon authorities in support of their arguments; The Wife from The Bible, Ovid, and many others, and The Loathly Lady from Dante and Seneca.

Just as, in the prologue, The Wife puts up the husband’s assumed complaints against her, putting him in the wrong, and knocking his arguments down one by one, so the Loathly Lady puts up the knight’s objections.

Thou art so loothly, and so oold also,
And therto comen of so lough a kinde (1100-1)

She adds the fault of being poor, not even mentioned by the knight, and by pseudo-logic presents the faults as virtues. Both women succeed in gaining the submission of their partners for the same reason – the husbands are so frustrated and exasperated that they give in to get some peace.

The chief difference in the approach of the two wives is that whereas The Wife argues almost entirely on personal grounds, The Loathly Lady argues on the more objective and moralistic grounds of living up to the claim of ‘Nobility’, the true source of which was a much discussed subject in the middle ages. On one level we can assume that Chaucer has introduced this theme for the edification of his audience, but it is also likely that The Wife has included this serious subject in order to comply with The Host’s original request in The General Prologue for,

Tales of best sentence and moost solaas (800).

In her prologue The Wife demonstrates herself to be an intelligent woman, and good at dissembling. At the funeral of her fourth husband, for example, she acts the part of the grieving widow, so she would undoubtedly be able to act out the serious tone necessary for the Loathly Lady’s ‘Nobility’ argument. Putting herself in the role of The Loathly Lady also serves The Wife’s purpose of championing the cause of women, in that to subjugate a knight and prove him to be ignoble would be a greater achievement than the real life subjugation of her first three elderly, feeble, husbands, and it is achieved by a more acceptable means than her childish deceitful attack on Jankin. In this way, and in the final transformation of The Loathly Lady into a beautiful young woman, the tale can be seen as a wish-fulfilment on the part of The Wife.

Thus The Wife’s tale is more than appropriate to the prologue; it is essential that we know the character of The Wife through her prologue before we can fully make sense of the tale.

Bibliography

Chaucer, Geoffrey. The Wife of Bath’s Prologue and Tale. Ed. James Winny. Cambridge University Press. 1965.

Chaucer, Geoffrey. The General Prologue to the Canterbury Tales. Ed. James Winny. Cambridge University Press. 1965.

Nokia C2-03 – Name Is Enough For The Brand Nokia C2-03

Nokia C2-03 is a charming slider phone. The handset is charged with (2G GSM 900 / 1800 – SIM1 & SIM 2 / GSM 850 / 1900 – SIM1 & SIM 2) network and is a proof of Nokias brilliance. It is also considered as Nokia C2-03 Touch and Type. It is available in beautiful colors of Nokia C2-03 Chrome Black and Nokia C2-03 Golden White.

Pleasing Looks

The Nokia C2-03 is well defined in the weight of 115 grams and has the dimensions of 103 x 51.4 x 17 mm. It bears a 2.6 inches TFT Resistive Touch Screen that allows the resolution of 240 x 320 Pixels and supports 56K colors. The device has an additional feature of handwriting recognition that makes it more efficient.

Multimedia

The Nokia C2-03 incorporates a 2 mega pixel camera that supports 4 x digital zoom. The camera also grants for full screen view finder and has self timer (3, 5 & 10 second delay). It provides an excellent photography with clear display of all the elements in the picture. Users can even upload their photographs to the Facebook or to Flickr and can also share it direct via MMS. Furthermore, video recording (CIF 15 fps) is also available in the device that allows for 4 x Video Zoom. The video player of the device supports the formats of MPEG4, H263 & H264. Next to it, it is the sound section that is having of a music player (MP3, AAC & WAV) and FM radio. FM recording provision is also there in the device. The Nokia C2-03 has its entertainment value through the gaming department that includes golf tour, solitaire, nature park, picture puzzle, memorize, music guess and java downloadable games.

Connectivity

Internet connection in Nokia C2-03 admits for touch controlled web browsing and WAP browser. HTML browsing is also there.
Other connecting tools of the device are USB, Bluetooth, GPRS and EDGE.

Battery Power and Storage Capacity

The Nokia C2-03 comprises of a standard Li-Ion 1020 mAh (BL-5C) battery that endures up to 400 hours for stand-by, talk time up to 5 hours and music play time up to 37 hours. Along with that, the handset has an internal memory of 10 MB and can be extended up to 32GB via memory card plus 2GB card is included.

Miscellaneous

Messaging facility in Nokia C2 03 is available through SMS, MMS, Email and Push Email. It is a Dual SIM phone and other important features of the phone are FlashLite support and Easy Swap SIM support (no reboot required).

Photography School In Mumbai Best Way To Start Your Career

Todays trend completely depends upon the technologies and electronic gadgets. At the present time, the most and important technology plus gadget is the mobile phone plus camera. In todays population, around 99 percent people have the mobile that possess the camera. A camera is used for the photography purpose, which means that the people have the craze of clicking the pictures of theireself, family members, with friends, natural places, or we can say that they want to capture all the lively moments in the form of photographs. Thus, it is the best way to store all the memorable moments of life. Some do photography just for their hobby while some have a passion of photography, the people who have a passion of photography, they want to make their career in it and for that they join the photography institution or photography school for enhancing their skills. In all over the India, number of photography institution and school present, so one can join as per their convenience. There are various Photography School In Mumbai available which are serving their service for delivering the best professionals to the industry.
The people who have the passion in making the career as a photographer, then it would be good for them because a person has a several choice to select the desire stream in photography. Either a person can choose the wedding photography, wildlife photography, fashion photography, casual photography, and even more. Mumbai has a small world of fashion in itself, as well as the Mumbai is famous for its own variation. Therefore, the Professional Photographer In Mumbai is renowned because of the fashion world and lovable places present over there. In addition, if a person is having an interest, but not having any idea regarding with the photography, then he or she can take the help of the professional photographers or one can join the photography school or institution. In an institution, the candidates The candidates will learn all the basic and advanced features of photography, as well as they will learn all the techniques regarding with the photography and camera. The main and important thing for any photography is the knowledge of camera as well as the proper handling of it. The professionals of the institution or school are having deep knowledge of photography and the proper handling of the camera as well as they have a good experience in the real world of photography.
One will learn several things under the guidance of best professional plus he or she will get the chance to do practical work rather than the theoretical. During the course, they will learn all the things like the knowledge of camera lenses, background details, angles for photography, setting of the camera, light adjustment, and even more. The professional trained the candidates in a perfect manner and give the best professionals to the real photography industry. There are lots of scope in this profession, and the photographers are earning name and fame, as well as it is one a superior way to get renowned in less time and earn lots of money. For more details, do visit to- http://evolutionimageworks.com/

Wedding Photographers South Miami -Different Types of The Photography In The Market

The Wedding Photographers South Miami isn’t just any of the photographer that comes all along to take photographs; they must connect in the friendly & confident manner, and with parents, bride, groom, grandparents & any kids at wedding as well as at times, pet dog also. Wedding photographer must feel all emotions as well as become the part of the day, by this I mean they must know emotions of people who are attending their wedding, how else will wedding photographer capture the emotions on the camera, suppose they do not feel & understand them. Romance, excitement as well as final realisation of the months, perhaps even several years, of the planning for that one day & it is wedding photographer’s job for capturing the emotions in the realistic and, beautiful method. Bride & groom is nervous, parents hoping the whole thing runs parents, very smoothly like they have planned out for as well as kids, and trying not to appear very bored with all fuss over them. I capture some best photographs of kids in weddings.

Wedding photographs must reflect events of a day in a way that, by looking back, while you are the old married couple, this may appear like wedding was just yesterday. All details have to get photographed, which includes church and venue for a ceremony and, reception. Unluckily, there are a few people who won’t allow religious ceremony being photographed that is other reason that I love to come little early, and give myself an opportunity of chatting with minister, priest and official who are conducting ceremony and in case possible, gain compromise, in these cases. The good photographer is totally aware of the areas to think for each occasion. The wedding is unique as well as the wedding photographs must as well be unique. I select to specialise in the wedding photography, at first as I did not have the photography studio but, when I run the photography business, I get a lot of personal enjoyment in photographing the weddings, I will not have this other way. And my approach towards wedding photography is relaxed; I prefer wedding photojournalism approach, since most of the top wedding photographers will do. My portfolio is filled with photographs of the relaxed couples who are enjoying the wedding day as well as spending little time with the friends & family not, photographer.

The wedding photographs are more enjoyable and look at and help to capture wedding’s events like they unfold. In short, the wedding photography is much the specialized area as well as wedding photography must always get left to professional. Weddings cannot get re-photographed in the photography studio. The fine art photography takes photographs taken in the wedding as well as turns them in the works of art. The wedding photographer at Soul Echo Studios are skilled in photography will manipulate wedding photographs in a way that they can forever capture spirit as well as style of the wedding day.

Visit us for more information on Soul Echo Studios

All You Need To Know About Boudoir Photography

What Is Boudoir Photography?

Historically, the term Boudoir was used to describe a ladys dressing room. In the early 1980s Boudoir photography was first used to refer to a type of intimate photography. Nowadays, its quite popular for women to have Boudoir photographs done, usually to surprise that special someone in their life. Boudoir photography sessions can be as varied as each individual. Each person has their unique opinion of what is sensual and beautiful and each photography session and resulting photos reflect that beauty.

What if I dont feel comfortable making Nude Photos?

A Boudoir Photography session should be fun! If youre uncomfortable posing for Nude photographs then dont do them. Every woman is beautiful and sexy. You dont have to take your clothes off to take gorgeous sensual photographs. Working in collaboration with an experienced photographer you can create amazing images clothed, partially clothed or implied nude (when the photographer sets the scene so that you appear to be nude but nothing is showing). Communication is key make sure that you have talked in detail with the photographer about your comfort levels and what your vision is of the finished product and trust that he or she will keep everything hidden that you want hidden. Thanks to modern digital technology it is not difficult to add in extra shadows or use blurring effects to make sure that the finished product is exactly what you want. Keep in mind also that some photographers may not shoot nude photographs, so if you are looking for nude photos ask!

But Im too old! Im too overweight! Im not pretty enough!

Every woman is beautiful and sexy! Ignore the overly skinny supermodels that you see everyday in advertisements! Real women are all around you and they are all beautiful. Be confident in yourself and your sensual nature. And be confident that your photographer is experienced and can arrange lighting and posing in order to capture your best side.

What do I wear?

Wear what you feel sexy in! A Boudoir Photography session has ample time for several wardrobe changes so bring any outfits you think you might want to wear and any accessories that go with it. Examples include a mans white dress shirt; a baseball jersey and ball cap; lacy nightie; a French maids costume (great use of old Halloween costumes) and feather duster; plaid mini skirt and white button down shirt and anything else you can imagine! Bring along a suitcase full of outfits. Dont forget high heeled shoes, necklaces, bracelets and other accessories hats, feather boas, etc. This is a good time to play dress up! Plan out your outfits ahead of time and try them on with different jewelry to see how they look. The photographer may also bring some additional accessories but you should ask about props ahead of time.

What about my Make-up?

Many ladies can do their own make-up but there are other options. Salons and department store make-up counters can be good resources or you can ask your photographer if they have someone they recommend. In most cases the photography studio can contract a make up artist for an additional fee. Dont feel compelled to wear a lot of make-up if it simply isnt your style.

Where should I have Boudoir Photographs taken?

These are not the kind of images that are on a check list at a mall portrait studio, they need to be personal and intimate. Many women choose a photographer who will come to their home and take photographs in their bedroom. Other women choose to go to the photographers studio and have their Boudoir session there. These days, though, Boudoir isnt limited to a bedroom setting and lingerie. A number of my own customers have come to me because they were intrigued by my Retro Pinup work. This is yet another option in Boudoir photography.

Nervous? What about a Group Photo Session?

You and three or four of your best girlfriends can get together and do your sessions at the same time. These can be done at the studio, your home or on location and should be approached with a party atmosphere. Each of you will be photographed individually as you are dressed (or undressed) based on each persons comfort level.
Some photographers (but not all) offer couples sessions. These sessions are romantic, sensual, playful, fun and always tasteful. If you are interested in this type of session make it part of a weekend away at a local hotel. This leaves you free from distractions and you will have some extra memories of the event.

Retouching

Many photographers include retouching with their portrait prints and albums but be sure to ask how much is included with your session. Most photographers will include minor retouching and color correction as part of their service after all they want their work to be well represented.

Protecting your privacy

Privacy should be a major concern during your boudoir sessions. All boudoir images are kept in strict confidence and no images will be shown without permission from the client in writing. Make sure your photographer has a privacy policy as well as any professional printers they may use.

Preparing for a Boudoir Photo Session

Wear loose fitting clothing. Avoid tight fitting undergarments as they are the most likely to leave elastic pressure lines on your skin. If you are not doing the session at your home bring as many accessories, outfits and ideas as you can. If you decide to not use everything then it is just a little extra to carry around but its far better then to wish you had brought something.